Climate change stands as an urgent global challenge, demanding united efforts from world leaders. The consequences of climate change are growing more apparent by the day, emphasizing the critical need for nations to collaborate in addressing this crisis [1]. Over recent years, numerous international meetings and summits have provided a platform for world leaders to convene and deliberate on effective strategies to combat climate change. In this article, we will delve into the ways in which these leaders are joining forces to confront the issue head-on and the proactive initiatives they are implementing to shape a sustainable future.

Introduction

Climate change poses a significant threat to the planet and requires a collective effort from world leaders to address its impacts. Over the years, leaders from various nations have recognized the need for immediate action to mitigate and adapt to climate change. Through international conferences and agreements, these leaders have come together to formulate strategies and commitments aimed at combating this global challenge.

Global Climate Agreements

One of the key milestones in global climate action was the historic climate agreement that reached COP27 in Egypt. During this conference, world leaders committed to establishing a fund to assist countries impacted by climate change. The agreement emphasized the importance of supporting vulnerable nations and prioritizing climate change mitigation and adaptation efforts.

Additionally, world leaders reaffirmed the goals of the Paris Agreement, which aims to limit the increase in global average temperature to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels. The commitment to pursuing efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5°C further demonstrates the shared concern about the severity of climate change and its potential consequences.

Urgency of Action

Recognizing the critical nature of the current decade, world leaders stressed the urgency of action in reducing carbon dioxide emissions by 45% to achieve net-zero emissions around mid-century. Despite the existing climate plans falling short of ambition, the Glasgow Climate Pact urged all countries to present stronger national contributions to bridge the gap and accelerate emission reductions.

Phase-down of Coal Power and Fossil Fuel Subsidies

In a significant decision, countries agreed to a provision calling for the phase-down of coal power and a phase-out of “inefficient” fossil fuel subsidies. These two issues, although crucial in addressing climate change, had not been explicitly mentioned in previous UN climate talks. The inclusion of these provisions demonstrates a commitment to transitioning away from fossil fuels, which are the primary drivers of global warming.

Financing for Developing Countries

Developed countries pledged to deliver US$100 billion per year to support developing countries in their climate action efforts. While there were concerns about falling short of this commitment, the Glasgow outcome reaffirmed the pledge and urged developed nations to fulfil the goal urgently. The agreement also called for a doubling of finance to enhance resilience and adaptation in developing countries.

Strengthening Adaptation and Resilience

The Glasgow Pact highlighted the importance of enhancing support for developing nations in adapting to climate change impacts and building resilience. The agreement emphasized the need to strengthen the Santiago Network, a network that connects vulnerable countries with technical assistance, knowledge, and resources to address climate risks. This commitment reflects the recognition that climate change disproportionately affects the developing world.

Operational Details of the Paris Agreement

World leaders achieved agreement on the remaining issues of the Paris Rulebook, which outlines the operational details for implementing the Paris Agreement. These operational norms, including carbon markets, enable countries struggling to meet their emissions targets to purchase emissions reductions from nations that have exceeded their targets. This mechanism promotes cooperation and flexibility in achieving climate goals.

Strengthening Vulnerable Countries

Acknowledging the increasing impacts of climate change on vulnerable populations, world leaders decided to strengthen the Santiago Network and launch a new “Glasgow dialogue”. The Santiago Network connects vulnerable countries with providers of technical assistance, knowledge, and resources to address climate risks. This initiative aims to ensure that vulnerable nations have access to the necessary support to cope with climate-related challenges.

United Nations Efforts

The United Nations plays a pivotal role in bringing world leaders together to address climate change. The organization has released key reports on climate impacts and solutions, providing feasible and effective options to reduce global warming [1]. The UN has also emphasized the urgent need for global climate action to create resilient and sustainable health systems [9]. Furthermore, World Health Day, organized by the World Health Organization (WHO), highlights the importance of collective efforts to combat climate change and its impact on public health [7].

The G7 Summit and Climate Leadership

The G7 Summit, held in Hiroshima, Japan, marked the 48th meeting of leaders from the world’s most advanced economies. However, there have been concerns about faltering climate leadership at this summit [5]. Climate experts have emphasized the importance of strong and decisive action by world leaders to address the global environmental crisis [6]. The G7 leaders are urged to prioritize climate change and take immediate action to mitigate its effects.

Tackling Plastic Pollution

Plastic pollution is a significant environmental challenge, and world leaders are recognizing the need to address it. The World Wildlife Fund (WWF) has been urging leaders to take strong and decisive action to develop comprehensive plans to tackle plastic pollution [8]. If left unchecked, the rate of plastic pollution entering the world’s oceans could triple by 2040 [8]. It is essential for leaders to prioritize sustainable practices and work towards a plastic-free future.

International Collaborations

Collaboration among nations is crucial in the fight against climate change. International agreements such as the Paris Agreement reaffirm the commitment of countries to limit global warming to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels [2]. The Glasgow Climate Pact agreed upon at COP27, calls for urgent action to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and strengthen national climate plans [1]. Additionally, countries have emphasized the need for increased financing to support developing nations in adapting to the impacts of climate change [1].